Emma Goldman In 1753, Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the United States, began admitting patients; it was cofounded by Benjamin Franklin . In 1766, the Stamp Act was declared unconstitutional in Virginia. In 1768, the Massachusetts Circular Letter of 1768, drafted by Samuel Adams, was sent by the Massachusetts House of Representatives to the other colonies' Houses of Assembly. In 1776, Washington rides out early from Cambridge to inspect the frozen heights sout

"No political truth is certainly of greater intrinsic value, or is stamped with the authority of more enlightened patrons of liberty, than that on which the objection is founded." James Madison, Federalist Paper No.47

Vesta Stoudt In 1763, the French and Indian War officially ended. France lost all claims to Canada and gave Louisiana to Spain. France reclaimed Louisiana in 1800 before selling the territory to the United States in 1803. In 1776, the Patriot ship 'America' was captured on the Cape Fear River by two British ships stationed there, with credit going to HMS Cruizer, commanded by British Capt. Francis Parry. In 1776, Washington  writes to Major General  Charles Lee with sympath

1824 Election In 1775, the British Parliament declared the Massachusetts Colony in rebellion In 1776, Washington wrote three letters to  John Hancock , president of the Continental Congress. His letters circle a single anxiety: time. Short enlistments, he warns, have already cost America dearly, contributing to the death of Major General Richard Montgomery, and they threaten to undo the army outside Boston just as surely.  In 1822, the American Indian Society was organized. I

Henry Clay in the Senate In 1774, the special investigative commission reports to the English Privy Council that the Massachusetts petition calling for the dismissal of Governor Hutchinson and provincial secretary Andrew Oliver is based on false charges. In 1775, Benjamin Franklin published "An Imaginary Speech" in defense of American courage. At the time, Franklin was residing in London. In 1776, at Cambridge, Washington issued  General Orders to steady his army. Guards an

"The federal and state governments are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people, instituted with different powers, and designated for different purposes. The adversaries of the constitution seem to have lost site of the people altogether in their reasonings on this subject; and to have viewed these different establishments, not only as mutual rivals and enemies, but as uncontrolled by any common superior, in their efforts to usurp the authorities of each other

"The powers delegated by the proposed constitution to the federal government, are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the state government, are numerous and indefinite." James Madison, Federalist Paper No. 45

Golfing on the moon In 1776, Major General Charles Lee  writes Washington from New York while seriously ill, having been carried part of the journey in a litter. He reports that British General  Henry Clinton arrived in the city almost simultaneously, claiming he has come only to visit former royal governor William Tryon and had brought no troops.  In 1778, the treaties of Amity and Commerce and Alliance were signed, and in May 1778, the Continental Congress ratified them.

"The sober people of America are weary of the fluctuating policy which has directed the public councils. They have seen with regret and with indignation, that sudden changes, and legislative interferences in cases affecting personal rights, become jobs in the hands of enterprising and influential speculators; and snares to the more industrious and less informed part of the community. They have seen, too, that one legislative interference is but the first link of a long chain

Rush Limbaugh Receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom In 1776, Fielding Lewis , Washington’s brother-in-law, writes from Fredericksburg. Virginia is raising new regiments, repairing muskets, building powder mills, and even experimenting with heavy rifles designed to drive British warships from narrow rivers. In 1776, in New York City today, two generals—one American, one British—arrive almost simultaneously. Major General   Charles Lee comes to organize the city’s defen

"Governments of dissimilar principles and forms, have been found less adapted to a federal coalition of any sort, than those of a kindred nature." James Madison, Federalist No. 43

"But the most minute provisions become important, when they tend to obviate the necessity or the pretext for the gradual and unobserved usurpations of power. " James Madison, Federalist Paper No. 42

"...but the cool and candida people will at once relect, tht th epurest of human blessings must have a portion of alloy in them; that the choice must always be made, if not of the lesser evil, at least of the GREATER, not PERFECT good; and that in every political institution, a power to advance the public happiness, involves a discretion of which may be misapplied and abused." James Madison, Federalist Papers No. 41

1925 - Noem, Alaska Sled Dogs In 1571, all eight members of a Jesuit mission in Virginia were murdered by Indians who pretended to be their friends. In 1653, New Amsterdam, later New York City, was incorporated. In 1776, across the lines in Boston, General  William Howe   writes Washington, refusing the General’s request for James Lovell’s release. Howe writes that he has discovered James Lovell carrying on a “prohibited Correspondence” and therefore revokes the liberty he h

"They must have reflected, that in all great changes of established governments, forms ought to give way to substance; that a rigid adherence in such cases to the former, would render nominal and nugatory, the transcendent and precious right of the people to "abolish or alter their governments as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness;"* since it is impossible for the people spontaneously and universally, to move in concert toward their object: an

In 1750, Jonathan Mayhew, a Unitarian-leaning minister of Boston’s West Church, preached a sermon entitled “Unlimited Submission and Non-Resistance to the Higher Powers.” In 1776, from Cambridge, Washington  writes to Major General  William Howe under explicit orders from Congress proposing a formal prisoner exchange. He offers Philip Skene, a royal governor, in return for prominent Boston patriot James Lovell, imprisoned by the British.  In 1779. At Fort Henderson, Georgi

"It is essential to such a government, that it be derived from the great body of society, not from an inconsiderable proportion, or favoured class of it; otherwise a handful of tyrannical nobles, exercising their oppressions by a delegation of their powers, might aspire to the rank of republicans, and claim for their government the honourable title of republic." James Madison, Federalist Paper No. 39

Middleton Plantation is located in Charleston, South Carolina, and is the home of Arthur Middleton, a Signer of the Declaration of Independence. Middleton Plantation is owned by the Middleton Family, but through their Foundation, which raises money to support this beautiful and historic site. First, a little background information on the Plantation. Henry Middleton, the father of Arthur Middleton, married Mary Williams, who was the only heir to her father, John Williams. He

Quoth the Raven, "Nevermore" In 1776, from Philadelphia, John Hancock  assures Washington that Congress applauds his call for reinforcements to Canada and still hopes, even after the failed assault on Quebec, that the loss might be retrieved. He also confirms congressional approval of sending  Charles Lee to New York to prepare against a British invasion.  In 1785, in a surprising announcement, John Hancock resigned as Governor of Massachusetts, allegedly due to his failing

Bath Riots and Carmelita Torres In 1777, John Burgoyne, poet, playwright, and British general, submitted an ill-fated plan  to the British government to isolate New England from the other colonies. In 1781, Major Benjamin Talmadge wrote to General Washington that he had received a letter from Benedict Arnold some 4 months after Arnold was discovered to be a traitor. In 1791, Alexander Hamilton provided plans for the dollar currency and the US Mint. In 1865, Confederate Presi

"Energy in government, is essential to that security against external and internal danger, and to that prompt and salutary execution of the laws, which enter into the very definition of good government." James Madison, Federalist Paper No. 37